la-qad 2.3.2.6 La-qad and the "lightened" 'in 2.4 On la- itself 2.5.1 Some constraints on the appearance of la- 2.5.2 Sura XX: 63 2.5.3 The location of la- in complex syntactic structures 2.5.4 Summary of the location of la- PART II: COMPARISON AND RECONSTRUCTION Chapter Three Asseverative and Precative Particles in the Semitic Languages 3.1.1 Introduction: One l-particle or two? 3.1.2 The counterfactual *law 3.2 The Arabic lām al-'amr 3.3.1 The asseverative and precative particles: Comparanda 3.3.2.1 The Ugaritic asseverative l- 3.3.2.2 The Ugaritic precative l- 3.3.3 Aramaic l-particles 3.3.4 Amorite l-particles 3.3.5.1 Southwest Semitic l-particles: Gǝ'ǝz and the modern Ethiopic languages 3.3.5.2 The Epigraphic South Arabian languages 3.3.5.3 The Modern South Arabian languages 3.3.6 The Biblical Hebrew emphatic lameḏ 3.3.7.1 The Akkadian "Beteuerungspartikel" lu 3.3.7.2 The Akkadian precative 3.4.1 Reconstructing the precative paradigm: Huehnergard (1983) 3.4.2 Reconstructing the Semitic precative particle 3.4.3 The Babylonian cohortative i Chapter Four On the Definite Article 4.1 Introduction: The Arabic definite article 4.2 The Arabic definite article as an *l-particle 4.3.1 Semitic comparanda: The Hebrew article 4.3.2 Semitic comparanda: The article in the remaining Canaanite languages and in Aramaic 4.4 The apparent weakening of *h- 4.5.1 Wensinck (1931): Dissimilation and the Arabic article 4.5.2 Further views on dissimilation 4.6.1 Barth's *la- reconsidered 4.6.2 On the development of the marking of definiteness 4.6.3 The article and its noun phrase 4.6.4 The article and the verbal sentence 4.6.5 The definite noun phrase 4.7.1 Second-millennium precursors to the definite article? 4.7.2.1 The Canaanite article 4.7.2.2 Toward a Northwest Semitic reflex of *ḷ 4.7.2.3 Hebrew h- vs. Table of contents : Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES PREFACE PART I: THE ARABIC PARTICLE la- Chapter One Asseverative la- and the Arabic Grammatical Tradition 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Muγnī al-labīb of Ibn Hišām 1.2.1 'The lām of the commencement' (lām al-ibtidā') 1.2.2 'The lām of 'inna,' or 'the lām which 'slides down" (lām 'inna, al-lām al-muzaħliqa) 1.2.3 'The distinguishing lām' (ai-lām al-fāriqa) 1.2.4 'The lām of the oath' (lām al-qasam) or 'the lām of the apodosis of the oath' (lām jawāb al-qasam) 1.2.5 'The lāms of the apodoses of law and lawlā (lām jawāb law wa-lām jawāb lawlā) 1.2.6 'The lām which paves the way (for the oath)' (al-lām al-muwaṭṭi' a li-l-qasam) 1.2.7 'The lām of wonder not governing the genitive' (lām al-ta'ajjub γayr al-jārra) 1.2.8 'The supplementary lām' (al-lām al-zā' ida) 1.2.9 Ibn Hišām on lām: Conclusion 1.3 The Kitāb al-lāmāt of Ibn Fāris 1.4 The Kitāb al-lāmāt of al-Zajjājī 1.5 Conclusion Chapter Two On the Position of la- in the Structure of Arabic 2.1 Introduction 2.2.1.1 Arabic 'inna 2.2.1.2 Hebrew hinne 2.2.1.3 Ugaritic particles akin to 'inna 2.2.1.4 Phoenician/Punic traces 2.2.1.5 Aramaic traces 2.2.1.6 Northwest Semitic particles from the second millennium 2.2.1.7 Traces of Ethiopic counterparts to 'inna 2.2.2 Arabic 'inna and 'in 2.2.3 An early Semitic particle *(h/')in(n) 2.2.4 The role of Semitic *(h/')in(n) 2.3.1 The tense/aspect question in Arabic 2.3.2.1 The functions of qad 2.3.2.2 Qad + the past 2.3.2.3 Qad + the present 2.3.2.4 Toward a unified interpretation of qad 2.3.2.5 Qad vs.
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